"Deception." Mills, Darrell K. Perspectives (Fall 1991): 6-9.

Reviews the probationer's use of deception in the interview process and how probation officers interpret the offender's nonverbal communication through learned techniques and deception strategies.

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"Identifying Drug Use by Juvenile Offenders: APPA Pilots New Training Program." Kimberly D. Roberts. Perspectives (Fall 1989): 33-37.

Reports on the APPA efforts to develop a training program for juvenile justice professionals that will provide them with the knowledge and skills to utilize specialized drug recognition techniques.

"Drug Testing in the Juvenile Justice System: The Necessary Correlation Between Agency Mission, Program Purpose and Use of Test Results." Crowe, Ann H., MSSW, ACSW. Perspectives (Summer 1991): 38-44.

Examines the use of urinalysis in the juvenile justice system including a discussion of the conceptual model, Agency mission and policy development, informal survey findings and purposes for testing and the use of results.

"Drug Testing in the Juvenile Justice System: A Cost-Benefit Analysis." Schaefer, Pamela Jo, M.A. Perspectives (Summer 1991): 45-50.

Provides a framework for a cost-benefit analysis from which decision-makers can explore the possibility of implementing a drug-testing program in their agencies. In some cases, drug-testing programs may prove to be more cost-effective in the overall scheme.

"Evaluating Drug Screening Programs in the Juvenile Justice System." Schaefer, Pamela Jo, M.A. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 16-22.

Discusses the importance of program evaluation and the components needed to develop a plan for program evaluations. Examples of specific program evaluations are included.

"Legal Considerations for Developing a Drug Testing Program in the Juvenile Justice System." Willett, Roy B., J.D. and Crowe, Ann H., MSSW, ACSW. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 30-34.

Reviews constitutional issues and other legal concerns including confidentiality, reliability of screening methodologies, screening methodologies, confirmations, and chain of custody and giving testimony in court.

"How To Do It Right: Ten Principles for Identifying and Intervening With Drug-Involved Youth." Ann H. Crowe. Perspectives (Winter 1996): 37-43.

Focuses on the findings of the APPA project, Identifying and Intervening with Drug-Involved Youth. Explores the lessons learned that can be used by juvenile probation and aftercare agencies to enhance their efforts to identify and intervene with drug-involved youth.

"Lessons Learned from APPA's Project on Identifying and Intervening With Drug-Involved Youth." Harry N. Boone, Jr. Perspectives (Winter 1996): 44-48.

Examines the findings of the six-month study that involved technical assistance at five sites, as part of the Identifying and Intervening With Drug-Involved Youth project.

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"Juvenile Justice Legislation: Desert or Desertion?" Patrick D. McAnany. Perspectives (Winter 1987): 6-7.

Reflects on a trend in juvenile legislation toward adopting a punitive approach.

"The Hard Facts About Children in Jails." Mark I. Solen. Perspectives (Winter 1987): 14-15.

Discusses the problem of incarceration of children in adult jails and police lockups.

"Guest Editorial - Juvenile Justice: Designed to Help." Larry R. Price. Perspectives (Winter 1990): 6-7.

Reviews the changing philosophies underlying juvenile justice which in recent years has shifted to an emphasis on punishment and public protection as its primary goals.

"Juvenile Probation in Retrospect." Hunter Hurst. Perspectives (Winter 1990): 16-19.

Examines the history of juvenile justice philosophy and practice in probation since its origins over one hundred years ago.

"The Juvenile Probation Officer Initiative: National Movement for Juvenile Probation." Mary Ann Peters. Perspectives (Winter 1990): 36-38.

Describes the Juvenile Probation Officer Initiative, which is based on the premise that the juvenile probation officer's role is a critical one.

"Redefining Delinquency: The Canadian Approach." Don Evans, Don Page. Perspectives (Spring 1990): 8-10.

Outlines legal reforms in Canada known as the "Youthful Offenders Act of 1984."

"The Changing Face of Juvenile Probation in Massachusetts." Donald Cochran, Ronald P. Corbett, Jr., Carmen A. Cicchetti. Perspectives (Summer 1990): 24-28.

Reports on a study of the Massachusetts Probation Department focusing on data that presents a troubling pictures of the patterns of delinquent youth before the state's juvenile courts, appearing at an earlier age, with longer prior records, with more serious offenses as well as more serious social and behavioral problems.

"The 21st Century and the Challenge for Probation: Dealing with Resistant Clients." Natasha Anderson, LaTonya Bolden, Jitahadi Imari. Perspectives (Winter 1991): 38-39.

Examines methods of dealing effectively with juvenile offenders, specifically youth resistant to authority and structure.

"Dealing with a Resistant Client in Juvenile Hall." Robert A. DeJesus. Perspectives (Winter 1991): 40-41.

Discusses how staff can effectively control resistant juveniles and prevent a potential volatile situation.

"Just the Facts . . . Probation." Gregory B. Wilcenski, Elizabeth D. Disney, Edward Miklosey, Michael H. Epstein. Perspectives (Winter 1993): 16-17.

Describes the purpose and benefits of New Jersey Administrative Office of the Courts' Family Automated Case Tracking System designed to integrate juvenile probation casework and technology.

"APPA Position Statement: Juvenile Justice." Perspectives (Winter 1996): 30.

Provides APPA's position on the role, practices and principles of the juvenile justice system.

“Forum - Juvenile Justice Reform: An Arizona Experience.” Carl Wicklund. Perspectives (Spring 1997): 12-14.

Discusses the Arizona Proposition 102, which resulted in some juveniles being automatically prosecuted as adults, juveniles being processed through a county sheriff’s intake unit and are incarcerated in the adult jail as appropriate.

“Preventing Crime, Saving Children: Sticking to the Basics.” John J DiIlulio. Perspectives (Spring 1998): 24-29.

Article which offers suggestion on how to prevent crime among juveniles. Examines juvenile crime in the post-crack plague and how by following basic strategies juvenile crime can be reduced.

“The Effectiveness of Juvenile Arbitration in South Carolina: Professionals Need Not Apply.” Susan Alford. Perspectives (Winter 1998): 30-34.

Examines the South Carolina Juvenile Arbitration Program. This community justice program has reduced crime while eliminating much of the bureaucracy typically associated with community justice programs.

Speak Out-“Probation: Prevention’s Sleeping Giant.” John Calhoun. Perspectives (Summer 1998): 17-19.

Examines Probation ability to prevent juveniles from committing crimes. Looks at the evolution of probation as a prevention tool.

“Developing Partnership for Gang Intervention: The Role for Community Corrections.” Ruth Triplet and Toby Ross. Perspectives (Fall 1998): 29-35.

Reports data from a survey of youth gangs in Texas. Discusses the role that community supervision can play in gang intervention by establishing broader community-based programs.

“School-Based Probation: The Successful Partnership Between Education and Juvenile Probation.” Andrew J. DeAngelo. Perspectives (Spring 1999): 38-41.

Describes a program where probation officers were located within area schools where they could be more responsive to problems when they occur instead of being notified after the incident.

“Juvenile Justice in Ontario: The Strict and Structured Regime for Ontario’s Young Offender Facilities.” Randy Mathews. Perspectives (Fall 1999): 34-35.

Describes Canada’s model for young offenders in secure settings, which emphasizes self-discipline, personal responsibility and life skills in a physically austere but program-rich environment.

Speak Out!-“Youth Violence: The Root of the Problem.” Carl Cieslikowski. Perspectives (Spring 2000): 14

“Juvenile Probation on the Eve of the Next Millennium.” Ronald P. Corbett, Jr. Perspectives (Fall 2000): 22-30.

A treatment of the current state of juvenile crime and a discussion of some of the options available to the corrections community such as intensive supervision and juvenile boot camp as well as “five steps to a reformed juvenile probation.”

“Overview of Cognitive-Behavioral Programs and their Applications to Correctional Settings.” Juliana Taymans, Sonia Jurich. Perspectives (Fall 2000): 48-53.

How cognitive behavioral skills leading to prosocial interactions can be instrumental in helping teenagers and young adults get on track for healthy development and positive adult life.

"Necessary Elements for JIPS Programming." Dennis Romig, PhD, Nancy Lick. Perspectives (Winter 1987): 8-9.

Discusses the outcome of deliberations at a Symposium on Juvenile Intensive Probation Services (JIPS).

"Reflections on Three Promising Programs." Peter W. Greenwood. Perspectives (Winter 1990): 20-24.

Identifies interesting and innovative programs in the juvenile rehabilitation field.

"Programmatic Variations in Intensive Supervision for Juveniles: The Ohio Experience." Richard G. Wiebush. Perspectives (Winter 1990): 26-35.

Describes the design, operation and evaluation data from four intensive supervision programs implemented in Ohio.

"Understanding Mental Health Treatment for Juvenile Offenders." Richard Barnum, MD. Perspectives (Spring 1990): 11-15.

Looks at a model for understanding various mental health treatment approaches.

"Monterey County Deals with Resistant Offenders: Serious Habitual Offender Program." James R. Criswell. Perspectives (Winter 1991): 31.

Describes how one department provides an interagency response to the chronic, serious juvenile offender.

"Spotlight on . . . Innovations in Juvenile Justice." Crowe, Ann H. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 36-37.

Summarizes innovative juvenile justice programs that have placed juvenile probation officers in schools.

"Intervening with the Serious Offender: High Intensity Treatment Supervision Program." Mosley, Brenda Y., and Alan M. Schuman. Perspectives (Spring 1992): 6-8.

Describes the District of Columbia's answer to the juvenile drug user and abuser, the High Intensity Treatment Supervision Program or HITS. The program design, description, statistical data, evaluation findings and HITS highlights are included in this article.

"Kentucky Responds to the Challenge: Community Based Day Treatment for Troubled Youth." Hobbs, Leo, M.Ed., and J. Kevin Kennedy, MSHPA. Perspectives (Summer 1992): 14-17.

Provides an overview of youth day treatment centers for Kentucky's juveniles with behavioral problems. Includes an analysis and evaluation of day treatment programs in the continuum of care designed to deal with delinquent and troubled youth.

"Operation Involvement: A University-Based Aftercare Program for Delinquent Youth." Johnny E. McGaha, Michael F. Brown. Perspectives (Winter 1993): 19-22.

Presents the operational concepts concerning a university-based intensive supervision program for delinquent youth. Provides case examples and preliminary program results.

"Aftercare in the Juvenile Justice System: New Trends and Programs." Dr. David Altschuler, Dr. Troy Armstrong. Perspectives (Summer 1995): 24-35.

Discusses discouraging results of juvenile aftercare programs and a new Intensive Juvenile Aftercare Program model developed as part of an OJJDP funded project. Describes programs in Colorado, Nevada, New Jersey, and Virginia.

"Teen Courts: Empowering Youth in Community Prevention and Intervention Efforts." Tracy Godwin Mullins. Perspectives (Winter 1996): 20-24.

Overviews the teen court concept, history, structures, and benefits. Offers suggestions for developing teen court programs in local communities.

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"The Legal Page." Patrick D. McAnany. Perspectives (Spring 1987): 19-20.

Discusses two cases involving probation which the Supreme Court was hearing arguments.

"The Legal Page." Richard P. Stroker. Perspectives (Summer 1987): 26-27.

Looks at recent court decisions relevant to probation and parole.

"The Legal Page - Intermediate Sanctions From the Bench." Patrick D. McAnany.

Perspectives (Fall 1987): 20-22.

"The Legal Page - Conditions of Probation and Parole: When Are They Too Restrictive?"

Benjamin J. Jones. Perspectives (Winter 1988): 12-13, 23.

Discusses a number of significant court cases related to probation and parole.

"The Legal Page - Parole and Probation Searches: The Aftermath of Griffin v. Wisconsin." Barry Levenson. Perspectives (Spring 1988): 16-17, 19.

Reviews the experiences and implications of a case that went to the United States Supreme Court for probation practices in regard to warrantless searches.

"The Legal Page - Should Probation Punish?" Andrew R. Klein. Perspectives (Summer 1988): 9-11.

Reviews a body of probation case law which affirms the perceived shift to a more punitive orientation from a legal point of view.

"The Legal Page - Urine Test Confirmation: A Perspective." William C. Collins. Perspectives (Spring 1989): 30-32.

Reviews case law regarding the admissibility of urine test results and conclude that confirmation testing may be a costly and legally unnecessary part of a testing program.

"The Legal Page - Developing Individualized Probationary Conditions." Andrew R. Klein. Perspectives (Fall 1989): 6-11.

Reviews the case law pertaining to the imposition of probationary conditions and recommends a framework for officers to use in developing sentencing recommendations.

"Leading Cases in Due Process, Search and Seizure, and Liability Issues." O. Elmer Polk. Perspectives (Winter 1991): 16-19.

Reviews federal appeals decisions made within the last twenty-four months regarding due process, search and seizure restrictions, revocation, financial obligations and liability issues.

"The Legal Page, A Criminal Justice Perspective: The Advantages of On-Site Drug Tests." Evans, David G, Esq. Perspectives (Fall 1991): 20-22.

Discusses the legal ramifications, loopholes and liabilities using drug testing as a way to monitor offenders.

"Legal Page - Ignorance is Not Bliss: A Brief History of Federal Law and Sexual Harassment." Greg Markley. Perspectives (Winter 1993): 32-36.

Defines sexual harassment and outlines remedies available to victims. Discusses the difficulties of proving sexual harassment, an anticipated increase in claims and recommended policies for minimizing it occurrence and for handling complaints.

"Legal Page - Legal Issues and Community Corrections: An Overview." Fred Cohen. Perspectives (Winter 1994): 28-31.

Discusses the importance of presenting a clear view of the legal identity of persons under correctional supervision in the community and their individual rights as they relate to supervision and revocation processes.

"Legal Page - From Diversity to Unanimity: The Case of the New Mexico Children's Code." Mary W. Utton. Perspectives (Spring 1994): 6-8.

Uses the 1993 Delinquency Article of the New Mexico Children's Code to describe the process by which controversial and complicated issues were resolved and virtual unanimity achieved.

"Legal Page - The Scope of Judicial Immunity for Probation and Parole Officers." Rolando V. del Carmen, James Alan Pilant. Perspectives (Summer 1994): 14-21.

Discusses the various functions of probation and parole officers and the extent of their judicial immunity.

Legally Speaking-“Legal Issues in Probation and Parole.” Craig Hemmens. Perspectives (Summer 1998):11-13.

Examines the exclusionary rule for searches and seizures and its application and implication for probation and parole officers.

“Legally Speaking - Legal Issues in Probation and Parole.” Craig Hemmens. Perpsecitves (Fall 1998): 16-17.

Discusses cases where the courts have consistently upheld probation and parole conditions, which restrict the Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizure.

“Legally Speaking - Legal Issues in Probation and Parole.” Craig Hemmens. Perspectives (Winter 1999): 16-17.

Overviews probation and parole conditions and common legal issues which arise regarding these conditions.

“Legally Speaking - Legal Issues in Probation and Parole.” Perspectives (Summer 1999): 18-19.

Examines conditions, which prohibits the offender from traveling, barring an offender from a particular place or requiring an offender to travel to a particular place.

“The Exclusionary Rule and Parole Revocation Hearings: The Supreme Court Says NO.” Craig Hemmens, Katherine Bennett and Rolando V. Del Carmen. Perspectives (Summer 1999): 36-42

Reviews that decision that the exclusionary rule does not apply in parole revocation hearings and discusses its implications for community supervision officers.

“Legally Speaking - Legal Issues in Probation and Parole.” Craig Hemmens. Perspectives (Fall 1999): 13-15.

Examines probation and parole conditions that would limit the First Amendment rights of an offender.

“Legally Speaking - Probation and Parole Conditions.” Craig Hemmens. Perspectives (Winter 2000): 16-17.

Examine probation and parole conditions, which require the offender to participate in an education, job training or treatment program.

“The New Era of Sexual Harassment Law.” Shelia Gladstone. Perspectives (Spring 2000): 45-53.

Seeks to inform employers on how to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace by explaining several of the types of harassment that can take place and how employers can limit liability claims by enforcing company policies and making sure employees understand what sexual harassment is, how it happens and what it means to them.

NIJ News-“Sentencing and Corrections - Where are They Headed?” Jeremy Travis, Larry Meachum. Perspectives (Spring 2000): 12

Briefly describes the papers now available from the “executive sessions” held in partnership by the National Institute of Justice and the Department of Justice’s Corrections Program Office on helping policymakers decide if there is a better way to think about sentencing and corrections on a national level.

Legally Speaking-“Probation and Parole Conditions.” Craig Hemmens. Perspectives (Spring 2000): 16-18.

Fifth in a series of columns addressing the legal issues of enforcing probation and parole conditions. This column discusses restitution.

"Rethinking Role Conflict in Community Supervision." Billie S. Erwin, Todd R. Clear. Perspectives (Spring 1987): 21-24.

Re-examines the classical role conflict between the enforcement and assistance function for probation/parole officers.

"Job Sharing." Donna Pawlowski, Ingrid Sharos. Perspectives (Spring 1987): 25-26.

"What a Funny Job." Carol Stewart. Perspectives (Winter 1991): 28-29.

Suggests that adding humor to the life of a probation and parole officer sometimes makes the job a little easier.

"The Employment Status of Probation/Parole Officers with Respect to the Fair Labor Standards Act." Joanie Abramson Mueller. Perspectives (Winter 1991): 43-46.

Reports on a state-by-state survey results of how personnel departments have addressed employment issues pertaining to probation/parole officers.

"Guest Editorial: Probation Officers' Role - Cop vs. Social Worker Debate is Passe'." Vicki Bodhaine. Perspectives (Spring 1991): 7-9.

Looks at the many roles probation officers play in managing the offender and community needs.

"Kentucky Officers Get Involved: Political Arena." Horn, Jim. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 27-28.

Illustrates what can happen when probation and parole officers become "political."

"Street Stories." Blauner, Peter. Perspectives (Spring 1992): 21-23.

Reports on Blauner's experiences within the New York Department of Probation in his capacity as a contributing editor to the prestigious New York Magazine for which he has written several articles regarding the inner workings of the criminal justice system.

"Book Review - Portrait of a Beleaguered Probation Officer: Slow Motion Riot, by Peter Blauner." Harrison, Collin. Perspectives (Spring 1992): 24.

Reports the book as an upbeat book that describes the "no-win" situation in the daily life of a probation officer. This is a novel but could easily have been nonfiction.

"Ethics in the Probation and Parole Profession: A Vision for the Future." Richard Wehmhoefer, Ph.D. Perspectives (Winter 1993): 8-9.

Discusses the moral nature of probation and parole officer decisions, possible influence of politics, and the increasing distrust in probation and parole due to negative media. Recommends officers and agencies examining their personal values and developing codes of ethics, which emphasize responsible decision-making.

"Values in Probation Work." Todd R. Clear, Ph.D. Perspectives (Winter 1993): 13-15.

Discusses the importance of viewing crime as a human concern requiring that responses, including probation and parole, be grounded in values. Challenges punitive approaches and insensitivities to offenders and victims.

"Probation Officers as Victims." Vincent Del Castillo, Charles Lindner. Perspectives (Special Issue 1994): 37-40.

Describes the victimization experience by probation officers and agency responsibilities for preventing and responding to officer victimization.

"Dealing With Drug Misuse: Optimism, Realism, Laissez Faire?" Judith Rumgay. Perspectives (Fall 1994): 26-27.

Contrasts the primary roles of British and American probation officers and the extent to which drug policies dominate American probation work.

"Forum - Hope: Dousing the Fire of Despair." Carl Wicklund. Perspectives (Winter 1995): 12-13.

Discusses the importance of ethical behavior and hopeful attitudes toward what we do in community corrections.

"Massachusetts Probation: Reform from the Ranks." Andrew R. Klein. Perspectives (Fall 1988): 23-24.

Examines the problems facing the probation system in Massachusetts and the grass roots initiative by the Chief Probation Officers to address those problems.

"Guest Editorial - Management From Chaos To Clarity." Donald Cochran. Perspectives (Fall 1988): 32-33.

Offers a perspective on the ambiguities that challenge probation management and the qualities of leadership necessary to meet these challenges now and in the future.

"Linking Policy Reform To Supervision: A Look at the Probation Development Project in Multnomah County, Oregon." Carol Shapiro, Suzanne Flynn. Perspectives (Winter 1989): 13-17.

Describes the operation, rationale, outcome and knowledge learned from the Probation Development Project in Multnomah County, Oregon.

"Guest Editorial - The New Probation." Kevin T. Smyley. Perspectives (Spring 1989): 34-36.

Outlines the social and economic changes that have affected our nation's urban areas, the impact these changes have had on probation caseloads, and the necessity of a "New Probation" strategy.

"Guest Editorial - The 90s: A Great Time for Community Corrections?" Gail D. Hughes. Perspectives (Spring 1990): 37-38.

Provides an account of a career in community corrections and a look ahead to the next decade anticipating the issues and opportunities.

"The Future of Probation: A Challenge for Managers." Andrew Baron, Barbara Boyle. Perspectives (Winter 1991): 36-37.

Examines management theories for probation supervisors.

"Constituency Development and Participatory Management: Keys to Revitalizing Probation." Keldgord, Robert E., Jr. Perspectives (Summer 1991): 16-17.

Examines how probation agencies have had to do more with less; provide more programs with less funds.

"A Report of the 1991 APPA Fiscal Survey Results: Down, But Not Out." Reeves, Rhonda. Perspectives (Fall 1991): 11-12.

Reviews survey responses regarding the fiscal impact of budget cuts to Corrections agencies.

"Budget Update: Outcome and Analysis." Vicki Bodhaine. Perspectives (Fall 1992) Reprint: 14-16.

Reports on a proposed budget cut of $5.4 million from the Alameda County (CA) Probation Department, union activities to fight the budget cuts, and the positive outcomes of negotiations.

"Past, Present and Future: Probation, the Adaptable Agency." Donald G. Evans. Perspectives (Winter 1993): 10-12.

Discusses the timeline associated with innovation and the cycle of correctional reform. Agencies need to recognize the time lag in response to new ideas and "ride the wave" while continuing to push forward and adapt. Suggests the importance of community-based versus community-placed programs.

"Forum - Management vs. Leadership: A New Direction." Carl Wicklund. Perspectives (Summer 1994): 7.

Discusses the importance of managing details and leading people and the need for strong leadership to make corrections viable and effective.

“Marketing Corrections: A Primer.” Michael K. Brown. Perspectives (Summer 1999): 26-31.

Discusses strategies used in marketing agencies and the programs they promote and lead.

"Guest Editorial - Good Morning, This is Your Wake-Up Call." James E. Fitzsimons. Perspectives (Summer 1994): 8-12.

Reviews corrections literature for the past 30 years to reiterate the lack of direction within corrections and makes for recommendations for the future.

"The Role of Mission Statements in Community Corrections: APPA Issues Committee Report." Perspectives (Summer 1994): 47-51.

Discusses the utility of organizational missions, the history of missions in community corrections and recommendations for developing an agency mission. Provides examples of mission statements.

"Justice R&D and Federal Assistance." George D. Shollenberger. Perspectives (Fall 1994): 8-15.

Summarizes findings from two studies with the first study examining federal research and development expenditures and how well the justice system shares in these expenditures; and the second study examining the effectiveness of federal assistance expenditures for state and local governments.

“Management by Hope and a Prayer.” Robert H. Rosenbloom. Perspectives (Summer 1997): 22-24.

Portrays a fictional story of a chief probation officer who manages “in hopes” that his staff will follow procedure.

"NIC Update." Kenneth S. Carpenter. Perspectives (Winter 1995): 27.

Discusses the increase of mentally ill offenders under community supervision and the need for proper identification and intervention. Discusses NIC's efforts to enhance mental health services.

"Mental Illness in Probation and Parole Populations: Results from a National Survey." Harry Boone, Jr. Perspectives (Fall 1995): 32-39.

Reports the findings of a state-by-state survey of probation and parole agencies to determine the prevalence mental illness in probation and parole populations.

"Mentally Ill Offenders: An Overview of Issues." James Byrne and Faye Taxman. Perspectives (Fall 1995): 41-44.

Defines the problem of mental illness and summarizes the available research on the extent of mental illness in both institutional and community corrections. Discusses implications of this research for corrections policy and practice.

"Guest Editorial - The Importance of Recidivism to the Future of Community Corrections." Brian Bemus. Perspectives (Winter 1988): 5, 22.

Discusses the topic of defining and measuring "success" in community corrections.

"Alternative Outcome Measures: The Concept." Timothy H. Matthews, Harry N. Boone Jr., Ph.D., Vernon Fogg. Perspectives (Winter 1994): 11-12.

Discusses the importance of measuring our performance and using outcomes in addition to recidivism to evaluate program effectiveness.

"An Examination of Recidivism and Other Outcome Measures: A Review of the Literature." Harry N. Boone Jr., Ph.D. Perspectives (Winter 1994): 12-18.

Discusses the numerous definitions of recidivism, the problems associated with using recidivism as the sole measure of probation and parole effectiveness, and other outcome measures that may better depict what probation and parole do.

Reports on the results of the APPA Board of Directors Survey on alternative outcome measures. Lists the top 23 measures identified as good measures for community corrections and the top 12 measures identified as being inappropriate.

"Guest Editorial - Recidivism--Let's Get Rid of It." Barry J. Nidorf. Perspectives (Winter 1995): 6-10.

Discusses community correction's fixation on recidivism as a live or die measurement, the need to put recidivism in its proper context and the need to develop a range of outcome measures to better measure the work of community corrections.

"Guest Editorial - Recidivism--Let's Reduce It!" Mark Carey. Perspectives (Summer 1995): 6-8.

Discusses the debated about recidivism as the primary measure of agency effectiveness. Suggests that it be included as a key measurement within a range of alternative measures and that our ability to reduce recidivism is controlled by the agency's culture and tools provided to accomplish the task.

"Forum - Hunt County, Texas Puts Performance-Based Measures to Work." Margaret Griffin. Perspectives (Summer 1996): 9-10.

Discusses how APPA's publication Results-Driven Management: Implementing Performance-Based Measures in Community Corrections has helped the Hunt County Community Supervision and Corrections Department to reach their goals.

“Results Driven Supervision: Georgia Creates a Model for the Future.” David Goff and Brian Owens. Perspectives (Spring 1999): 24-27.

Discusses the implementation of results based budgeting where greater emphasis is placed on outcomes rather than processes in competition for scarce funds.

"Guest Editorial - Abolish Parole?" Benjamin F. Baer. Perspectives (Fall 1987): 24-25.

"In Defense of Parole--Is It Worth the Effort?" Lawrence A. Bennett, Ph.D. Perspectives (Summer 1995): 14-17.

Clarifies the two separate functions of "parole" - i.e., the discretionary release decision process and the post institutional supervision process and suggests that additional research is needed to make the parole system more effective.

"In/Out Decision-making: A Conceptual Framework." Todd R. Clear, Christopher Baird. Perspectives (Fall 1987): 10-14, 26.

Outlines the principles, components and criteria for quality structured decision-making in parole, sentencing as well as other so called "in/out" decisions.

"Parole Decisionmaking 1987." Peggy Burke. Perspectives (Fall 1987): 18-19, 25.

Reflects on the principle issues and highlights of the major lessons learned from her twenty-one months of intensive nationwide efforts with paroling authorities as the recipient of the National Institute of Corrections Parole Technical Assistance Grant.

"Parole Decision-Making: Getting Back to Basics." Susan Alford. Perspectives (Fall 1989): 24-27.

Discusses the steps the Parole Board has taken to strengthen the paroling mechanism in South Carolina.

“Parole and Prisoner Reentry in the United States.” Joan Petersilia. Perspectives (Summer 2000): 32-46.

First of a two-part article begins an extensive discussion of abolishing parole. Contains table of fifty states with data on the status of parole release in the US, 1998 as well as descriptions of civil disabilities and injunctions faced by convicted felons after release.

"Programs and Publications for Paroling Authorities." Kermit Humphries, National Institute of Corrections. Perspectives (Fall 1987): 23, 25.

Discusses NIC's range of assistance services offered to improve policy and practice in the field of corrections.

"Parole in Canada: A Disposition in Transition." Michael D. Whittingham, PhD. Perspectives (Winter 1989): 6-8.

Outlines the issues and resulting reform initiatives affecting the Canadian parole system.

"The Parolee's Perception of the Parole Experience in Massachusetts: Follow-up Interviews with Two Groups of Parolees - November 1988." Richard Lunden. Perspectives (Spring 1989): 14-18.

Reports on the results of a unique research approach in which parolees were interviewed regarding their perception of their parole experience.

"Not in my Backyard: The Impact of Community Sentiment Against Parolee Placement." Lloyd Klein, Joan Luxenburg, Susan Rogers. Perspectives (Summer 1990): 13-17.

Discusses the problems of punitive public sentiments about offenders and their impact on the effective operations of parole supervision.

"Guest Editorial: Wasting Millions - The Case of Texas State Parole." Gorton, Joe. Perspectives (Fall 1991): 29-31.

Comments on the shambles of the Texas parole system as viewed by a former Texas parole officer.

"Guest Editorial - Texas Parole: A Different Perspective." Eisenberg, Michael. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 6-7.

Offers a rebuttal to an unfavorable editorial on the parole system in Texas.

"Book Review - Paroling Authorities: Recent History and Current Practice, by Edward E. Rhine, William R. Smith and Ronald W. Jackson. Evans, Donald G. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 49.

Suggests that the book is an excellent guide and reference book on past and current parole practices throughout the nation. It provides the reader with a greater understanding of the purpose, process and potential for parole.

"Increasing the Effectiveness of Parole Programs: The Texas Experience." Judith Telecky. Perspectives (Winter 1996): 26-28.

Describes several programs such as Pre-Parole Transfer Facilities and the Work Placement Program, that have been successful in Texas as prison diversionary systems and public safety measures.

Canada Commemorates 100 Years of Parole.” John Vandoremalen. Perspectives (Fall 1999): 23-25.

Outlines the history of parole in Canada.

“Interview with the Commissioner of Correctional Service Canada.” Perspectives (Fall 1999): 26-29.

Highlights an interview with the Commission of Correctional Service Canada on the growing field of community correction in Canada in where offenders serve the latter part of their sentence under supervision in the community, gaining practical work and social skills to prepare them for reintegration into society and living as productive law-abiding citizens.

"Parole Violators: Prison or Alternatives?" Patricia Watson, Russ Immarigeon. Perspectives (Fall 1989): 16-17.

Discusses the subject of parole violators and their impact on prison crowding and examines the experience of the Alternatives to Parole Return Project in Oregon.

"A Waste of Money, a Waste of Time: Parole Violators in California." Schiraldi, Vincent, Anthony Costello, and Rick Garnett. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 38-42.

Describes California's study of parole violators; addresses the fiscal and policy implications of the state's reliance on incarceration; and provide recommendations for policy change including legislation currently being considered.

"Probation Violation and Revocation Policy: Opportunities for Change." Peggy B. Burke. Perspectives (Summer 1994): 24-31.

Discusses the philosophy behind responses to probation and parole violations, the cost of such policies and the ingredients for developing an effective violation policy.

“Prohibiting Internet Abuse By Parolees. Michael Gaines. (Summer 1998): 20-21.

U.S. Parole Commission’s Special Report on internet abuse by Parolees and what can be done to prevent abuse while still allowing access.

“The Revocation of Probation Based on Fraud or Lack of Candor at Sentencing.” Richard D. Sluder, Dennis Cunningham, Dane C. Miller. Perspectives (Spring 2000): 42-45.

The paper examines recent cases in criminal sentencing that address whether, and under what authority, a sentencing court may in effect recall or revoke probation based on information obtained after the sentence has commenced.

“The Craft of Prevention.” John Walker. Perspectives (Summer 1999): 23-25.

Outlines the five key principles which represent the core elements of prevention.

 

“Using PrOMIS to Model the Risk of Delinquency Among a Prevention Population.” Peter R. Jones, Phillip W. Harris, Jamie J. Fader, Mary Poulin. Perspectives (Summer 2000): 50-54.

Briefly describes the structure of the PrOMIS system and illustrates its effectiveness through the development of a risk classification specifically for prevention populations.

"A Rational Examination of the Policy Issues Surrounding the Privatization of Probation and Parole Supervision." Kevin E. Courtright. Perspectives (Winter 1995): 14-20.

Examines the various policy issues surrounding the privatization of probation and parole services. Discusses the effectiveness of privatization and ethical and constitutional considerations. Closes with some recommendations for agencies considering privatization.

"Thinking About Crime." James Q. Wilson, Review by Sarah K. Layland. Perspectives (Winter 1987): 20.

Discusses proposed changes in the criminal justice system which can only occur after careful thought and consideration is expended on the subject of crime.

"New Public Opinion Poll Cites Support for Intermediate Punishment Programs." Tilow, Neil F. Perspectives (Winter 1992): 44-46.

Discusses the results and implications of a September 2992 national public opinion poll which showed overwhelming support for intermediate punishment programs; compares these results with the outcomes of previous public opinion polls; and suggests some strategies to reach policymakers so that they will be better informed about the attitudes of the general public.

"The Corrections Game: Deja Vu All Over Again." Senator Ralph Rosenberg. Perspectives (Fall 1993): 35-36.

Frustratingly discusses the limited impact of conference and symposiums on correctional policies -- we talk a good game but don't act on it.

"Guest Editorial - Executive Summary: The Prison Population Explosion--California's Rogue Elephant." Caleb Foote. Perspectives (Spring 1994): 9-11.

Discusses California's incarceration rate, the costs of confinement and the flawed assumptions associated with the emphasis on punitive imprisonment. Examines the politics of crime, budget choices, and alternative solutions to California's prison crisis.

"IARCA Calls for a Comprehensive National Policy on Crime in America." Perspectives (Summer 1994): 52-53.

Provides the International Association of Residential and Community Alternatives' position on the Omnibus Crime Bill and supporting arguments for developing alternative punishments and correctional policy based on sound data and research.

"NIJ News: What Does the Crime Act Tell Us?" Ed Zedlewski. Perspectives (Winter 1995): 28-29.

Discusses the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 and its implications for community corrections.

"Guest Editorial - Let's Build Some Fences." Rep. Robert C. "Bobby" Scott. Perspectives (Spring 1995): 17-21.

Discusses the importance of prevention and compares the cost and effectiveness of such programs with the cost and effectiveness of incarceration. Explores the ongoing political debate on crime control.

"NIJ News: Risky Business." Ed Zedlewski. Perspectives (Spring 1995): 24.

Discusses the impact of a Republican majority in both Houses of Congress on the crime bill. Suggests that a risk management orientation be adopted by community corrections for a better appeal to the political agenda.

"The `Prisons Pay' Studies: Research or Idealogy?" Christopher Baird. Perspectives (Summer 1995): 36-42.

Reviews and critiques recent publications and reports advocating for the increased use of incarceration to reverse the crime trend and the negative impact that these reports may have on probation and parole.

“Preparing Our Children for the Challenges of the New Century.” C. Cieslikowski. Perspectives (Fall 1997): 10.

Article on costs and expenditure of prisons in California and the challenges such spending poses for the future.

“Examining the Public’s Perception of Probation: The Importance of People Who ‘Don’t Know.’” Dennis R. Longmire. Perspectives (Spring 1998): 20-22.

“What Will the Public Tolerate? Corrections in the Community. Jody L. Sundt, Francis T. Cullen, Michael G. Turner, and Brandon Appelgate. (Summer 1998): 22-25.

Report on a public opinion survey about general attitudes toward probation, parole, and community corrections. Reveals that support for community sanctions is dependent on the content of those sanctions and the crime committed.

“Parole and Prisoner Reentry in the United States (Part II).” Joan Petersilia. Perspectives (Fall 2000): 40-47.

Second in a two part article which further explores how probation and parole can work for the community and the offender through the use of drug and alcohol dependency programs, employment and job training, multi-service centers and intermediate sanctions for parole violators.

"Felony Probation: A Comparative Analysis of Public Risk in Two States." Michael Fichter, PhD, Peter Hirschburg, PhD, Johnny McGaha, PhD. Perspectives (Spring 1987): 6-11.

A study of felony probationers in Missouri which is significant for reminding us of the importance of replication and comparative analysis in scientific methods.

"Overview: Shock-Incarceration Programs." Dale G. Parent. Perspectives (Fall 1988): 9-15.

Synopsizes NIJ's issues and practices report on Shock Probation programs around the country.

"Now That We Know `What Works'..." Richard J. Billak, Ph.D. Perspectives (Spring 1994): 18-19.

Describes the process and outcomes of an IARCA conference on "what works in community corrections."

"A Course Correction in Community Corrections: Using Research to Improve the Effectiveness of Policies and Programs." Robert DeComo, Dennis Wagner and Christopher Baird. Perspectives (Fall 1995): 23 - 29.

Describes the results of two major evaluations recently completed in Oregon involving the validation of its risk assessment system and a statewide evaluation of its treatment and rehabilitation programs.

"NIJ News - Future Stock." Edwin Zedlewski. Perspectives (Winter 1996): 18-19.

Describes plans for NIJ's Corrections Technology Center to be dedicated to innovation and technological advances in all aspects of corrections.

"A Crime Control Rationale for Reinvesting in Community Corrections." Joan Petersilia. Perspectives (Spring 1996): 21-29.

Examines and substantiates the argument for focusing on crime prevention and community corrections rather than law enforcement programs.

"How Powerful is Prison as a Crime Fighting Tool?" Kenneth F. Schoen and Julie Peterson. Perspectives (Summer 1996): 32-43.

Discusses why incarceration hasn't had more of an impact on crime, yet explains the effects that

it does have on communities. Examines recommendations for a more rational crime policy as well as effective crime prevention.

“Attitudes of Coles County, Illinois, Residents Toward Probation Supervision in the Community.” William Reed Benedict and Michael Hughes. Perspectives (Winter 1997): 40-43.

Releases results of a countywide study that assessed the perception of probation.

“What Works? What Matters? Recidivism Among Probationers in North Carolina.” Mark Jones and Darrell L. Ross. Perspectives (Summer 1997): 38-41.

Examines results of a North Carolina General Assembly mandated study that tracked offenders for recidivism

Research Update-“Assessing Correction Programs for Risk Reduction.” Norman Holt. Perspectives (Winter 1998): 18-19.

Review of a session conducted at the International Community Correction Association 3rd Annual research Conference. Examines the characteristics of successful programs.

NIJ News-“NIJ’s Crime Mapping Research Center.” Maureen O’Connell. Perspectives (Summer 2000): 10-11.

A description of NIJ’s Crime Mapping Research Center from its beginning in 1997 to recent roundtables with agencies such as the Wisconsin Department of Corrections and the Maricopa (AZ) Adult Probation Department in an effort to make greater use of crime mapping technology in both community and institutional corrections.

 

"Technical Assistance for Residential Community Corrections: Balancing Policy Development and Program Improvement." Mark D. Corrigan. Perspectives (Winter 1988): 16-21.

Discusses the experiences of serving at the Technical Assistance Center for Residential Services under a grant from the National Institute of Corrections.

"Profiling the Residential Community Corrections Industry: The NIC Survey of Residential Community Corrections Programs." Laura A. Schmitt. Perspectives (Spring 1988): 18-19.

Introduces a project, which involves an unprecedented national survey of residential programs and facilities in probation and parole and is designed to produce cumulative bodies of knowledge and experience about this growing program area.

“Survey on the Effectiveness of the Comprehensive Sanctions Centers.” James L. Beck and Jody Klein-Saffran. Perspectives (Summer 1997): 24-37.

Describes the basic elements of the Comprehensive Sanctions Center, which is an intensive, multi-dimensional halfway house program which incorporates several rehabilitative programs and varying levels of supervision.

"Developing a Victim Orientation for Community Corrections: A Restorative Justice Paradigm and a

Balanced Mission." Gordon Bazemore, Ph.D. Perspectives (Special Issue 1994): 19-24.

Outlines a restorative justice framework for community corrections which seems capable of linking victim-oriented practices and more traditional sanctioning, supervision and rehabilitative objectives for offenders.

"Restorative Case Management: The Evolution of Correctional Case Management." Ray Ferns. Perspectives (Summer 1994): 36-41.

Summarizes the restorative justice model and the use of cognitive restructuring as a means to promote offender responsibility. Discusses the value of incarceration, the role of a probation/parole officer as a change agent, and the importance of victim participation in the supervision process.

"Managing Change: Toward a Balanced and Restorative Justice Model." Dennis M. Maloney, Mark S. Umbreit, Ph.D. Perspectives (Spring 1995): 43-46.

Addresses the issue of promoting and managing change within juvenile probation departments, leading to greater success with a broader range of customers.

"Point and Counterpoint - Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs: Pro and Con." Dr. Andrew Karmen, Charles Lindner. Perspectives (Winter 1996): 11-17.

Argues points for and against restorative justice as it is practiced in Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs (VORP).

"Victim Offender Mediation: From the Margins Toward the Mainstream." Mark S. Umbreit, Ph.D. and Mike Niemeyer, MA. Perspectives (Summer 1996): 28-30.

Argues against points made by Charles Linder (Perspectives, Winter 1996), that victim offender mediation and reconciliation is an "unproven fringe movement". Offers examples of successful programs in the United States as well as other countries throughout the world.

“The Relationship of Case Management Strategies to Probation Officer Personality Types.” Curtis E. Wright. Perspectives (Winter 1998): 36-38.

Report on a study conducted on probation officers in 3 counties in Delaware. It shows that officers are more inclined toward offender reform than toward offender control.

“Restorative Justice and Offender Rehabilitation: A Meeting of the Minds.” A. Crowe. (Summer 1998): 28-40.

Examination of restorative justice and offender rehabilitation. Reports on the dual goals and effects of both and reviews the differences in the two systems.

“Creating a Restorative Justice Community: The Fort Collins-Loveland Story.” Tom Cavanaugh. Perspectives (Summer 1999): 20-21.

Outlines the story of how one community embraced the trend toward transitional change and created a plan for restorative justice.

“Restorative Justice: Rethinking our Responses to Serious Crime.” James Miller-Ashton and Scott Harris. Perspectives (Fall 1999): 40-43.

Discusses Canada’s rapidly growing concept of restorative justice as a way of thinking about and addressing crime and conflict.

“Restorative Justice Alternatives to Parole Suspension.” Andrew J. McWhinnie and Robert E. Brown. Perspectives (Fall 1999): 44-46.

Discusses two pilot projects in Canada that seeks to assist offenders to reintegrate with their community following incarceration through a process of restitution and reparation.

“Restorative Justice: A Program for Nova Scotia.” Judy Fowler. Perspectives (Fall 1999): 47-50.

Describes Nova Scotia’s systematic approach to restorative justice, which provides for the referral of cases at four-entry point in the system.

NIJ News-“Restorative Justice: A Global Initiative.” George L. Ward. Perspectives (Fall 2000): 7-9.

A comparison of restorative justice applications in Canada, The Netherlands, New Zealand and South Africa.

"A Medley of Responses to David Osborne and Ted Gaebler's Reinventing Government: Reinventing Community Corrections." Ronald P. Corbett, Jr. Perspectives (Summer 1993): 7-11, 14.

Four experienced community corrections professionals respond to Osborne and Gaebler's Reinventing Government. Major themes include: a need for community corrections to: communicate with key actors, identify our customers and consider their needs, measure results, and become more mission driven.

"Squaring the Circle of Budget Cuts: Adult Supervision Restructuring." Frank Domurad. Perspectives (Fall 1993): 24-27.

Describes a "private sector response" to budget cuts in New York City Department of Probation including the clear identification of customers, prioritization, and restructuring the way they do business. Sought to protect public safety through focus on violent offenders with nonviolent offenders reporting to automated kiosks.

"Aligning Means with Ends: Total Quality Management and Reengineering." Greg Markley. Perspectives (Spring 1994): 14-17.

Examines organizational conflict among means, ends and results. Describes two agencies experiences with the change strategies of reengineering and total quality management and the importance of clarifying your purpose, selecting the appropriate tools and clearly defining ends.

"Applying TQM to Probation/Parole Practice." Vincent D. Basile. Perspectives (Fall 1994): 20-25.

Illustrates the benefits of the proper application of the continuous improvement philosophy. Describes the five ingredients required to create a Total Quality agency.

"Dancing With Elephants." Patricia Wack. Perspectives (Spring 1995): 14-16.

Discusses the importance of envisioning change and outlines basic steps for facilitation change.

"Vision adVentures." Perspectives (Summer 1995): 44-48.

Describes the process that agencies will have to undertake to bring about change.

“Cog Probation.” Mark Carey. Perspectives (Spring 1997): 27-42.

Describes how probation agencies can convert information put forth by researchers into a service package, which will significantly increase the likelihood that correctional intervention will assist the offender toward pro-social change.

“Re-engineering in Community Corrections.” Zachary Dal Pra and Mark J. Hendershot. Perspectives (Fall 1998): 20-22.

Explains a business process of re-engineering which radically redesigns an organization around outcomes rather than functions or department. Discusses how this process can be beneficial to probation and parole agencies.

“NIJ News - Sea Changes.” Ed Zedlewski. Perspectives (Fall 1998): 12-13.

Discusses three events in which different organizations demonstrated a change toward collaboration.

“Broken Windows Probation: The Next Step in Fighting Crime.” Perspectives (Winter 2000): 26-33.