< Previous10 PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 44, NUMBER 2 from the executive director VERONICA CUNNINGHAM APPA EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR This issue of Perspectives focuses on mental health, a topic that could not be more relevant. Although we settled on this theme prior to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals struggling with mental illness may be particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of this worldwide crisis. The emotional drain and worries brought about by the pandemic can compound normal stressors and considerably increase psychological challenges. Now more than ever, probation and parole officers (POs) must be guided by evidence-based practices that improve the community corrections response to individuals with mental illness. I trust that the articles presented in this issue contribute to the understanding of mental health problems and approaches to addressing them. Although the focus is on the mental health of individuals on community supervision caseloads, I would be remiss if I did not point to concerns about the emotional health and well-being of POs. APPA is committed to supporting those working in the field, and that includes being mindful of the pandemic’s impact on them. Departments across the country have had to respond quickly by pivoting to adopt policies, practices, and remote work technology to help minimize virus transmission, and I applaud this. POs must now cope with the irregular business of working under stressful circumstances in a work environment where stress was already a rising concern. Of course, it is difficult to observe staff’s mental health while they are working remotely. Given that, I am elated to learn that many agency heads, even in the midst of their other responsibilities, are not losing sight of the potential mental health challenges facing their staff members. For their part, innumerable officers across the country are doing their best to offer support and ensure releasees have access to resources, benefits, and accommodations. POs are compassionate, skillful, and resourceful problem-solvers, and they are keenly aware of the need to maintain frequent contact with this unique population and to link mentally ill releasees with appropriate resources, including working to provide access to technological modalities such as telepsychology or telemental health care services. On behalf of APPA, I appreciate all that is being done to assist justice-involved individuals with mental illness. Again, mental health is a highly pertinent topic in these trying times. All readers can benefit from the excellent articles presented on this complex and poignant subject of the justice-involved mental health population. The authors have provided useful models, practices, and case studies, and I give them special thanks for their contributions to this timely edition. All advancements in our knowledge surely help us—individually and collectively—to better advance everyone’s health and wellness in this new world.11 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION 12 PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 44, NUMBER 2 table of contents departments features13 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION instructions to authors Perspectives disseminates information to the American Probation and Parole Association’s members on relevant policy and program issues and provides updates on activities of the Association. The membership represents adult and juvenile probation, parole, and community corrections agencies throughout the United States and abroad. Articles submitted for publication are screened by an editorial committee and, on occasion, selected reviewers, to determine acceptability based on relevance to the field of criminal justice, clarity of presentation, or research methodology. Perspectives does not reflect unsupported personal opinions. Articles must be emailed to deadlines: Unless previously discussed with the editors, submissions should not exceed 12 typed pages, numbered consecutively, and double-spaced. All charts, graphs, tables, and photographs must be of reproduction quality. Optional titles may be submitted and selected after review with the editors. All submissions must be in English and in American Psychological Association (APA) Style. Authors should provide a one-paragraph biography, along with contact information. Notes should be used only for clarification or substantive comments, and should appear at the end of the text. References to source documents should appear in the body of the text with the author’s surname and the year of publication in parentheses, e.g., to (Mattson, 2015, p. 73). Alphabetize each reference at the end of the text using the following format: Mattson, B. (2015). Technology supports decision making in health and justice. Perspectives, 39(4), 70-79. Hanser, R. D. (2014). Community corrections (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. While the editors of Perspectives reserve the right to suggest modifications to any contribution, all authors will be responsible for, and given credit for, final versions of articles selected for publication. Submissions will not be returned to contributors. Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences American Correctional Association Association of Paroling Authorities International Association of Women Executives in Corrections AZ Chief Probation Officers Association AZ Probation Officers Association AZ Probation Parole and Corrections Association Chief Probation Officers of CA Confederation of European Probation County Chief Adult Probation and Parole Officers Association of PA Crime Prevention Coalition of America / National Crime Prevention Council Dismas Charities, Inc. FL Association of Community Corrections IJIS Institute IN Association of Community Correction Act Counties International Community Corrections Association Interstate Commission for Adult Offender Supervision KS Association of Court Services Officers Middle Atlantic States Correctional Association MN Association of Community Corrections Act Counties MN Association of County Probation Officers MN Corrections Association National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies National Association of Probation Executives NC Probation & Parole Association New England Council on Crime and Delinquency New Zealand Association of Probation Officers NY State Council of Probation Administrators NY State Probation Officers’ Association OH Chief Probation Officers Association OR Juvenile Deptartment Directors’ Association PA Association on Probation, Parole and Corrections Probation and Community Corrections Officers Association Probation Association of New Jersey Probation Officers Association of Wielkopolska Probation Officers Professional Association of IN VA Community Criminal Justice Association VA Probation and Parole Association WV Association of Probation Officers appa affiliate members14 PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 44, NUMBER 2 We seek to create a system of community justice where: A full range of sanctions and services provides public safety by insuring humane, effective and individualized sentences for offenders and support and protection for victims; Primary prevention initiatives are cultivated through our leadership and guidance; Our communities are empowered to own and participate in solutions; Results are measured and direct our service delivery; Dignity and respect describe how each person is treated; Staff are empowered and supported in an environment of honesty, inclusion and respect for differences; and Partnerships with stakeholders lead to shared ownership of our vision. The American Probation and Parole Association is an affiliate of and receives its secretariat services from The Council of State Governments (CSG). CSG, the multibranch association of the states and U.S. territories, works with state leaders across the nation and through its regions to put the best ideas and solutions into practice. BOARD OF DIRECTORS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Tim D. Hardy President Brian Lovins President-Elect Susan Rice Vice President Tom Gregory Treasurer Joseph Russo Secretary Gene Cotter At-Large Member Alisha Shoates James At-Large Member Francine Perretta At-Large Affiliate Erika Preuitt Immediate Past-President Veronica Ballard Cunningham Executive Director PRODUCTION STAFF Veronica Cunningham Editor in Chief Kimberly Kras Perspectives Co-Editor Jason Stauffer Perspectives Co-Editor Nathan Lowe Production Coordinator John R. Higgins Designer Aaron Burch Copy Editor SERVICES DIRECTORY General (859) 244-8000 Publication Orders (859) 244-8204 General Training Institute (859) 244-8204 Information Clearinghouse (859) 244-8204 Membership (859) 244-8212 Request for Training (859) 244-8057 Resource Expo (859) 244-8214 Advertising (859) 244-8214 Communications should be addressed to: American Probation and Parole Association c/o The Council of State Governments 1776 Avenue of the States, Lexington, KY, 40511 Fax: (859) 244-8001, Perspectives is published four times annually by the American Probation and Parole Association through its secretariat office in Lexington, Kentucky. ISSN 0821-1507 Reprint permission. Direct requests for permission to use material published in Perspectives in writing to © 2020 The Council of State GovernmentsMake us a regular step in your hiring process! 16 PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 44, NUMBER 2 Corrections Software Solutions James Redus President 316 North Lamar Street Austin, TX 78703 Phone: (254) 746.7922 Fax: (512) 347.1310 Email: Equivant Caryn Shaw 1764 Forest Ridge Drive Suite A Traverse City, MI 49686 Phone: (330) 470.0618 Fax: (330) 494.2483 Email: GEO Care Monica Hook VP, Strategic Marketing One Park Place, Suite 500 621 NW 53rd St Boca Raton, FL 33487 Phone: (561) 999.5907 Email: Intoxalock Linda Vadel Affiliate Outreach Coordinator 11035 Aurora Avenue Des Moines, IA 50322 Phone: (515) 251.3747 Email: Journal Technologies Derek Harris Sales and Marketing Manager 843 South 100 West Logan, UT 84321 Phone: (435) 713.2100 Email: LifeSafer Pete Andrews National Director of Business Development 215 Southport Drive, Suite 400 Morrisville, NC 27560 Phone: (919) 280.6846 Email: American Prison Data System Segun Olowofela Chief Financial Officer 601 West 26th Street, Suite 325 New York, NY 10001 Phone: (864) 477.8732 Email: Website: Attenti Kerri Ryan Director of Marketing and Business Development 1838 Gunn Highway Odessa, FL 33556 Phone: (813) 749.5454 x.1275 Email: Website: averhealth Justin Manni Director of Business Development 1700 Bayberry Court, Suite 105 Richmond, VA 23226 Phone: (848) 992.3650 Email: Website: cFIVE James Newman Senior VP of Sales & Marketing 23382 Mill Creek Drive, Suite 220 Laguna Hills, CA 92653 Phone: (949) 260.3002 Email: Website: connectrex Corporation Kevin Griffin Senior Vice President 400 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 506 South San Francisco, CA 94080 Phone: (650) 872.5000 x 114 Email: Website: Cordico Brady Pilster Director of Business Development 2377 Gold Meadow Way, Suite 100 Gold River, CA 95670 Phone: (844) 267.3426 Email: Website: Corporations with an interest in the field of probation, parole, and community corrections are invited to become APPA corporate members. Corporate members receive benefits such as enhanced visibility among APPA’s international network of community corrections professionals, as well as shared information on the latest trends and issues that specifically affect community corrections. CSS Corrections Software Solutions APPA CORPORATE MEMBERS Cordico 2377 Gold Meadow Way Suite 100 Gold River, CA 9567017 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION APPA ASSOCIATE MEMBERS AdventFS Daniel Flick Sales Manager 2927 Ring Road Elizabethtown, KY, 42701 Phone: (270) 209.0422 Email: Buddi Limited Steve Chapin Chief Location Luminary 2710 Alt 19 North Palm Harbor, FL 34683 Phone: (727) 560.8432 Email: Precision Kiosk Technologies David Kreitzer General Manager 2855 Country Drive, Suite 100 Little Canada, MN 55117 Phone: (651) 383.1213 National Curriculum and Training Institute Gary Bushkin President 319 East McDowell Road, Suite 200 Phoenix, AZ 85004-1534 Phone: (602) 252.3100 Noble Software Diana Norris President 1320 Yuba Street, Suite 212 Redding, CA 96001 Phone: (979) 248.6568 Promise Diana Frappier Chief Legal Officer 436 14th Street, Suite 920 Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: (415) 305.4560 Email: diana@joinpromise Reconnect, Inc Sam Hotchkiss Founder & CEO 1 Faraday Drive Cumberland, ME 04021 Phone: (207) 352.5322 SCRAM Systems Jed Rosenberg Digital Marketing Manager 1241 West Mineral Ave Littleton, CO 80120-5685 Phone: (303) 785.7828 Securus Technologies Jose Andrade Vice President, Sales 14651 Dallas Parkway, Suite 600 Dallas, TX 75254 Phone: (800) 844.6591 Shadowtrack Technologies Nancy Adams 1001 Ochsner Boulevard, Suite 425A Covington, LA, 70433 Phone (877) 396.0385 Sierra Wireless Thomas McKay Senior Marketing Manager 400 Interstate North Parkway Suite 900 Atlanga, GA 30339 Phone: Annette Beard Regional Sales Manager 500 East Dallas Road, Suite 100 Grapevine, TX 76051-7658 Phone: (281) 686.6722 The Change Companies Jesse Tillotson National Director of Justice Services 5221 Sigstrom Drive Carson City, NV 89706 Phone: (888) 889.8866 Track Group Matthew Swando VP of Sales and Marketing 1215 North Lakeview Court Romeoville, IL 60446 Phone: (877) 260.2010 TRACKtech Ben Williams Vice President - Business Development 6295 Greenwood Plaza Blvd, Suite 100 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 Phone: (303) 834.7519 Tyler Technologies Larry Stanton Director of Sales 5101 Tennyson Parkway Plano, TX 75024 Phone: (800) 686.1134 x 12218 PERSPECTIVES VOLUME 44, NUMBER 2 MOVING PAST THE MYTHS: RESEARCH- INFORMED PRACTICES FOR SUPERVISING CLIENTS WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS BY JENNIFER ENO LOUDEN, REBEKAH ADAIR, AND JENNIFER L. SKEEM19 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION Working with clients who have a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression can cause significant concern for probation and parole practitioners. These clients present challenges to administrators and line staff alike because their needs are complex and often difficult to meet, especially given the resource limitations that are typical within community corrections agencies. Fortunately, research offers guidance for successful correctional rehabilitation for this group. Nonetheless, despite the increase in empirical knowledge on this subject, myths and erroneous beliefs about justice-involved people with mental illness persist and may interfere with evidence-based practices in community corrections. In this article, we confront three key myths regarding people with mental illness and provide guidance to practitioners and administrators regarding best practices for working with this group in a community corrections context. MYTH: CLIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS HAVE A HIGH RISK OF BEING VIOLENT The belief that people with serious mental illness are highly likely to be violent is widely held by the public (Link, Phelan, Bresnahan, Stueve, & Pescosolido, 1999). However, research presents a more complex picture of the relationship between mental illness and violence. In reviewing this relationship, we focus on those diagnosed with psychotic disorders, which often features fixed false beliefs (e.g., that one is being persecuted or has special talents or abilities), auditory hallucinations or “hearing voices,” and disorganized speech and thoughts. We do so because laypeople often pay most attention to psychotic disorders when thinking about the relationship between mental illness and violence, even though people with mental illness are a heterogeneous group due to the different symptoms that characterize different disorders (see Joyal, Côté, Meloche, & Hodgins, 2011). Douglas and colleagues (Douglas, Guy, & Hart, 2009) conducted a meta-analysis—a statistical examination of more than 200 prior studies—to comprehensively assess the link between psychosis and violence. They found that although there is a link between psychosis and violence, statistically speaking, this relationship is weak (Douglas et al., 2009). Common conceptions that people with schizophrenia are a highly violent group grossly exaggerate this small relationship. Put simply, most people with psychosis are not violent, and most violence is not committed by people with psychosis (Glied & Frank, 2014). Next >